Easyanswers.blog.com

DORSIVENTRAL LEAF: The dorsiventral leaves are found in dicots. In the vertical section of dicot leaf there are mainly divided into three parts. They are. Epidermis Mesophyll Vascular Bundles Epidermis: The upper and lower epidermis of leaf is covered by cuticle. The Adaxial(lower) surface has more number of Stomata than upper surface.Sometimes the upper surface lacks Stomata. Mesophyll: The layer present between the upper and lower epidermis is called as mesophyll. It possess chloroplast and carry out photosynthesis. it contains parenchymatous cells. Mesophyll is two types of parenchymatous cells.     -Palisade parenchyma     -Spongy parechyma Polisade parenchyma is an elongated cell,arranged vertically and parallel to each other. present on upper side of mesophyll Spongy parenchyma are oval or round loosely arranged situated below the palisade parenchyma extending to the lower epidermis. it contai...

ISOBILATERAL LEAF (MONOCOTYLEDENOUS): General features: Isobilateral leaves are found in Monocot leaves. Stomata is equally distributed on lower(abaxial) and upper(adaxial) surface of the leaf. Cuticle covers both upper and lower surface of the leaf. Leaf  is distinguished into three parts. Theyare              -Epidermis              -Mesophyll              -Vascular bundles Epidermis has stomata and cuticle.  In monocots Mesophyll is not defferentiated into polisade and spongy parenchyma unlike in Dicots.  Vascular bundles are seen in the mid-ribs and veins of the leaf. The size of the vascular bundle is depend on the size of the veins. Parellel venation is present in monocot leaves. In grasses ,certain upper epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large empty colourless cells.these are called Bulliform...

Guttation: It is the removal of excess of water in the form of water droplets is called guttation. This can be seen only in shurbs and herbs. And not in higher plants. Water droplets are found when the evaporation is low, during early morning and evening, droplets can be seen on the tip of veins and surface of leaves. Guttation is found only in Root pressure type of transportation of plants.                              Transpiration: It is the process of removal of water from the upper surface of leaves through stomatal opening in the form of water vapour is called Transporation. This is seen in higher plants and takes place when the excess of water is present. It creates tranpiration pull for absorption and transport of plants. It supplies water for photosynthesis. Also transports minerals to the various parts of the plant. It keeps the cell turgid and cools leaves s...

Root pressure: Water and minerals are transported from roots to the different parts of the plants by a passive process in a small height plants like herbs and shurbs. This process of transportation is called Root pressure This is a process of 'pushing' up of water to small heights. Guttation: Water loss from the plants in a liquid phase is known as guttation. This takes place in shrubs and herbs. It takes place only in root pressure type of transportation.

Constipation: The bowel movement does not take properly and is hard to pass outside of the body. The feacus get dry and hard to pass. This happens because of dehydration, improper eating, lack of dietary fibres. This causes abdominal pain. This can removed by taking food which contains fibre. This allows easy bowel movements and this problem can be removed.

Transcription: It is the process in which the double standard DNA is transcripts into single standard mRNA. This process involves in protein synthesis.            DNA→mRNA mRNA is the small piece of DNA . This single standard mRNA forms the second strand in the opposite direction. In this mRNA Adenine binds with Uracil instead of Thymine.       In DNA                 In mRNA            A⇉T                         A⇉U      G⇛C                        G⇛C This takes place in nucleus and then reaches to cytoplasm. Translation: This takes place in cytoplasm. In this process proteins are formed by mRNA.            mRNA→Proteins mRNA binds with Ribosomes and forms the prote...

Immune system is responsible for affecting with the foreign bodies or germs and getting affected by the diseases. In childrens the immune system is lower in size and not powerful so as we grow up and reaches at the adult stage, simultaneously the immune system also grows in a large size and at adult stage  the immune system will be at its peak level preventing from all type of diseases. Then as we grew much older the immunity also decreases, when we become old, again it reduces to its  initial size as it was in the children stage that is reduced size of immune system. This is the reason that children and old peoples get affected early by the diseases as it has much reduced size immunity. Whereas in adults the immune system is at the peak level and at that stage they will not get affected easily by diseases and they are more energetic at that stage and possesing a capability of doing a much work.