What are Adjuvants

 Adjuvants:

The substances which are useful for the enhancement of antibody production are called as Adjuvants. Adjuvants are structurally heterogenic compounds.

Antigens introduced along with adjuvants will be helpful in the following things:

1. Make the antigen works for long durations. Ex: Alluminium potassium sulphate.
2. Help in granuloma formation.
3. Development of constimulating signals.
4. Proliferation of non specific lymphocytes.

Generally both antigen and adjuvant administered into the body due to this it works more effectively.

Examples:

Examples for Adjuvants are Aluminium or Calcium salts, non-ionic polymers, lipopolysaccharides, Silica granules, Berilium sulphate, Salts, Oils, Endotoxins, Alum, Alluminium hydroxide, Alluminium phosphate, Freund's incomplete adjuvants, Freund's complete antigen etc...

Freund's complete adjuvant is the most effective adjuvant.

Types of Adjuvants:

 1)The Complete adjuvant is the one containing an Antigen in aqueous suspension of killed bacteriae.

2)The Incomplete adjuvant is the one which does not contain an aqueous suspension.

Important Functions:

There are three important functions of Adjuvants:
1. Macrophage Activation.
2. Affects on Lymphocytes.
3. Anti-tumour action.

In all three cases an Adjuvant competitively partcipates towards immunogenic activity.

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