Functional groups and their formulae

         Functional groups          Formulae

        1.       Alcohol                                R-OH

        2.       Ketone                                 R-CO-R
    
        3.      Aldehyde                              R-CO-H

        4.      Carboxylic acid                   R-COOH

        5.       Ether                                    R-O-R

        6.       Ester                                     R-COO-R

        7.       Amides                                 R-CO-NH₂

        8.      Cyanides                               CN⁻  

        9.      Nitriles                                  R-CN

       10.     Carboxylate ion                  R-COO⁻

       11.     Thiols                                    R-SH

       12.     Azide                                       N⁻³ 

       13.     Amines                                  R-NH₂ 

       14.     Imine                                    R₃N⁻ 

       15.     Imide                                    R₁-CO-N(R₂)-CO-R₃                         

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